Advances in drug delivery strategies against Helicobacter pylori / 药学学报

italic>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause a variety of digestive tract diseases, the serious may develop into gastric cancer. Nowadays, H. pylori infection rate exceeds 50%, and its eradication rate is declining due to the continuous increase of drug resistance, leading to the occurrence of plenty of stubborn infections, which seriously threaten human health. At present, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory curative effect by increasing the types of antibiotics combination or increasing their dose. In this review, the clinical treatments of H. pylori were introduced. Proceed from the characteristics and pathological background of H. pylori infection that makes H. pylori difficult to eradicate, the research advances of drug delivery strategies for improving H. pylori eradication rate were reviewed, such as strategies that could increase drug concentration in stomach (e.g. drug delivery systems with gastric acid-stabilized ability), increase drug concentration in H. pylori colonization sites (e.g. drug delivery systems with gastric retention or H. pylori targeted abilities), overcome H. pylori resistance (metal nanoparticles, anti-biofilm delivery systems), enhance host immune response (vaccine preparation) and so on. Novel drug delivery systems, such as cell membrane coating technology and phage therapy, are comparatively rare in the field of anti-H. pylori, but have broad application prospects. This review would provide reference for the development and application of therapeutic strategies to improve H. pylori eradication rate.

Study on batch consistency evaluation techniques of Xiaoyao Tablets based on UPLC fingerprint / 中草药

Objective: A fingerprint similarity evaluation method was optimized, and combined with multivariable statistical analysis technology to evaluate the quality consistency of Xiaoyao Tablets comprehensively, systematically, and scientifically. Methods: UPLC fingerprint data of multiple batches of Xiaoyao Tablets were collected, and its similarities were performed by correlation coefficients, angle cosine, euclidean distance, macro qualitative and quantitative similarity, and equivalent coefficient. A similarity evaluation method was selected for product quality evaluation, according to the characteristics of various calculation methods. At the same time, pattern recognition technologies such as principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze and evaluate the overall quality of Xiaoyao Tables. Hotelling's T2 and DModX statistics were used to monitor the quality of different batches of products. The similarity calculation and multivariate statistical analysis were combined to evaluate the consistency of the quality of different batches of samples. Results: By analyzing the fingerprint data of 22 common peaks of 14 batches of Xiaoyao Tablets, the quality of products had high consistency evaluated by traditional similarity calculation method. The weighted equivalent coefficient evaluation method was more suitable for product quality evaluation comparing with the traditional similarity evaluation method, as different weight coefficients were set for different indicators according to the peak area information and pharmacological effect and the information reflected was more comprehensive and reasonable. There were no abnormal batches in the 14 batches of samples in the PCA analysis, indicating the quality of products were relatively stable. The upper control limits of Hotelling's T2 and DModX were 25.145 3 and 1.75, respectively. The equivalent coefficient method evaluates the quality of different batches of samples from a macro perspective, and the multivariate statistical analysis analyzes the contribution of each chromatographic peak based on evaluation results. The combination of the two methods can comprehensively evaluate the quality consistency of samples. Conclusion: The similarity evaluation and multivariate statistical analysis method based on fingerprints established in this study can evaluate the quality consistency of samples comprehensively and systematically. The study also provides a reference for the research on quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Chemical constituents of Myripnois dioica / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Myripnois dioica. Twelve compounds were separated from the 95% ethanol extract of M. dioica by using various chromatographic techniques. Their stuctures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data as 8-desoxyurospermal A(1), zaluzanin C(2), dehydrozaluzanin C(3), glucozaluzanin C(4), macrocliniside B(5), macrocliniside I(6), taraxinic acid-14-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), ainsliaside B(8), apigenin(9), luteolin(10), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12). Except for compound 8, the other compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time. Compound 8 was found to decrease blood glucose level properly in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

Determination of propofol in human blood by GC-MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for determination of propofol in human blood.@*METHODS@#Propofol and 2-(tert-Butyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol (internal standard) were isolated from human blood samples with liquid-liquid ether extraction. The organic layer was collected after centrifugation and dried using the water bath. The extracted residue was analyzed by GC-MS.@*RESULTS@#Propofol and the internal standard showed a good separation with a good linear concentration ranged from 0.02 to 10 microg/mL in blood. The linear function was y = 0.313 6 x-0.006 8 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The precision of intra-day and inter-day were less than 4.8% and the lower limit of detection of propofol was 0.005 microg/mL. Propofol concentration of blood was 0.14 microg/mL using this method in the practice work.@*CONCLUSION@#The GC-MS method is rapid, sensitive, reliable and suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis propofol of blood in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical drug monitoring.

Simultaneous determination of 11 opiates in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

The paper reports the establishment of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous analysis of 11 opiates in hair samples, and the study of presence of opiates in the hair of active heroin addicts. About 20 mg of decontaminated and pulverized hair sample was hydrolyzed with buffer solution for 30 min, in the presence of morphine-d3 and acetylmorphine-d6 used as internal standards, and then extracted with the mixture of dichlormethane and isopropanol, separated by the Allure PFP propyl column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 20 mmol L(-1) ammonium acetate buffer, and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to analyze 11 opiates. Eleven opiates showed a fairly good linearity over the corresponding range (r > 0.996 0). The detection limits were less than 0.05 ng mg(-1). The recoveries were between 47.2% and 110%, and the deviations of intra- and inter-day precision were less than 14%. Heroin, acetylmorphine, morphine, codeine, acetylcodeine and hydrocodone were detected in hair samples of 21 herion addicts. The developed method shows high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of 11 opiates in hair samples and identify legal and illegal use of opiates.

Pharmacokinetics of the combined preparation of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide on Chinese healthy volunteers / 药学学报

The aim of the present study, performed on two different groups of volunteers, is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablet. After administration of high, medium and low doses of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC and C(max) of two compounds both increase significantly with increase of dose. Neither normalized AUC/Dose nor C(max)/Dose has significant difference between every two tested dose groups. The similar results can be observed as for the parameters of t(max). Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are both eliminated with linear characteristics. After repeated administration of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC, C(max) and C(min) of lisinopril in the steady state increase. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. As for hydrochlorothiazide, AUC, C(max), C(min), and t(max) also increase in steady state. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. Administered with the test medication, lisinopril has an fluctuation index (FI) value of 2.29 and reaches a relative steady concentration. But hydrochlorothiazide has an FI value of 4.09 with relatively large fluctuating concentrations.

Bioequivalence of bicalutamide tablet in healthy volunteers / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioequivalence of bicalutamide tablets n healthy volunteers. Methods: A single oral dose of 50 mg bicalutamide test(domestic) or control(import) tablets was given to 20 healthy volunteers n an open randomized cross-over study. The concentrations of bicalutamide were determined with HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 and the bioequivalent test was performed with SAS. Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and control drug were as follows: Cmax, 691. 50 vs 697. 30 μg/L; Tmax, 20.65 vs 24. 10 h; AUC0-∞, 148 124 vs 153 782 μg · h/L; t 1/2, 127. 46 vs 131. 06 h,respectively. The relative bioavailability was 99. 43%. Conclusion: The test bicalutamide tablet is bioequivalent to the control formulation.

Association between genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1 and survival of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin/5-Fu-based chemotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1), X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1), glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) and the survival of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty five patients with advanced gastric cancer accepted oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy as first-line chemotherapy were investigated. Peripheral venous blood was taken before chemotherapy. DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood. The genetic polymorphisms were detected by real-time PCR assay. The association between time to progression, overall survival and the polymorphisms was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median time to progression of the 85 cases was 5.3 months, and the median overall survival was 8.0 months. ERCC1-118 C/C, XRCC1-399 G/G and GSTP1-105 A/G + G/G were favorable genotypes and the number of the favorable genotypes was associated with survival of the patients. The median overall survival was 12.5 months, 10.0 months, 6.5 months and 4.5 months for patients with 3 favorable genotypes, 2 favorable genotypes, 1 favorable genotype and none favorable genotype, respectively, with a significant difference (χ(2) = 35.54, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1-118, XRCC1-399 and GSTP1-105 are associated with TTP and OS of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin/5-Fu-based combination chemotherapy as the first-line chemotherapy.</p>

Diameter and length double objectives robust analysis of cylinder dental implant / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the jaw bone stress variation affected by cylinder implant diameter and length simultaneously in Ansys DesignXplorer module.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Finite element model of segment mandible with a cylinder implant was created. The range of the implant diameter (D) and length (L) were set from 2.5 mm to 5.0 mm and from 6.0 mm to 16.0 mm respectively. The maximum Von Mises stresses in jaw bone and sensitivity to D and L were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under axial (buccolingual) load, when one variable equaled to median, the amplification of maximum Von Mises stresses in cortical bone and cancellous bone were 44.66% (71.32%) and 51.45% (58.50%) respectively with the D increasing. The amplification of maximum Von Mises stresses in cortical bone and cancellous bone were 45.97% (21.66%) and 52.15% (37.75%) respectively with the L increasing. When D exceeded 3.7 mm and L exceeded 10.0 mm, the response curve curvatures of maximum Von Mises stresses to L and D in jaw bone ranged from -1 to 0. And the variation of the maximum Von Mises stresses in jaw bone was more sensitive to D than to L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stresses in jaw bone under buccolingual and axial load are apt to be affected by implant diameter and length respectively. And to a cylinder implant, the diameter exceeds 3.7 mm and length exceeds 10.0 mm are optimal selections. Diameter should pay more attention to than to length for cylinder implant. Expanding the width of the jaw bone is more important than expanding the height of the jaw bone in clinical experience.</p>

Effect of antibiotic treatment on toxin production by Alexandrium tamarense / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Impact of the presence of bacteria associated with a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01, on the growth and toxin production of the algae in batch culture was investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pronounced changes in the activities of the algal culture were observed when the culture was treated with different doses of a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the presence of antibiotics at the initial concentration of 100 u/mL in culture medium, both algal growth and toxin yield increased markedly. When the concentration of antibiotics was increased to 500 u/mL, the microalgal growth was inhibited, but resumed in a few days to eventually reach the same level of growth and toxin production as at the lower dose of the antibiotics. When the antibiotics were present at a concentration of 1 000 u/mL, the algal growth was inhibited permanently.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicate that antibiotics can enhance algal growth and toxin production not only through their inhibition of the growth and hence competition for nutrients, but also through their effects on the physiology of the algae.</p>